全国1∶100万地质图空间数据库建设进展

地质图空间数据库的建立对于基础地质图件的快速更新、信息资源共享以及基础地质科学研究具有重要意义。全国1∶100万地质图空间数据库(2005年版本)是以1∶50万地质图数据库为基础,充分吸收近年来1∶25万、1∶5万区域地质调查的新资料新成果,应用当代最先进的地质科学理论、现代信息技术和先进制图学理论,使用中国自主开发的MapGIS平台,结合ArcGIS、Access等软件进行研究建立的。数据库包括地理底图库、地质图库、元数据库、外挂岩石地层库,数据量约1.6GB。数据库管理系统具有较强的图幅检索、查询、自动成图、自动生成图例等功能。     

基于NLCCA的中国夏季降水与东亚夏季风关系的探讨

运用一种基于人工神经网络的非线性典型相关分析方法(NLCCA),对中国夏季降水与东亚夏季风之间的非线性关系进行了分析。结果表明,夏季降水对东亚夏季风的响应具有一定的非线性,当夏季风较强与较弱时,对应的中国夏季降水异常分布呈现明显的不对称性。夏季降水与夏季风之间的关系可分离为线性响应和非线性响应,其中非线性响应部分占总方差贡献的52.1%,说明我国夏季降水异常分布与东亚夏季风相互之间的关系既有线性特征也有非线性特征,非线性响应略显重要。     

A Lagrangian mean theory on coastal sea circulation with inter-tidal transports Ⅱ. Numerical Experiments

The results of the new concept of coastal sea circulation are demonstrated by numerical simulations for the first time. The numerical experiments in three types of rectangular model seas illustrate the dependence of circulation on tidal phases due to the convectively nonlinear effect which is estimated by a newly defined drift dispersion in-dex. Then, the present theory is applied in the Bohai Sea of China. At the Bohai Straits and the Huanghe River mouth area the circulation direction even reverses owing to different initial tidal phases which shows that the the-ory copes with nonlinearity well. The calculated M2 tide-induced residual circulation shows that a clockwise gyre exists in the center of an anticlockwise gyre in the central Bohai Sea due to the topographic features. In the Bo-hai Gulf the tide induced circulation shows a 3D structure with outflow at the surface and the inflow at the bottom which can partly explains the spread of the Huanghe River fresh water out of the Bohai Gulf and the inflow of the sediment from the Huanghe River.     

基于FLAC3D数值模拟的老采空区剩余沉降量分析计算—以山东枣庄安博化工项目为例

空区的剩余沉降值计算是采空区地质灾害危险程度一种定量分析的方法,利用FLAC3D直接模拟早期采煤形成的老采空区塌陷状态,计算出老采空区的剩余沉降量。以山东枣庄安博化工项目为例,首先采用物探、钻探手段探测老采空区深度、顶板塌落与破碎状况以及地质地层信息,其次结合岩心试验地质材料参数结果进行FLAC3D模拟,计算自重作用下采空区剩余沉降量,以及加载建筑后老采空区剩余沉降值,对比了传统概率积分法计算沉降值,结果基本一致,说明计算方法是可靠的。最后分析加载应力与破碎带剩余沉降值的数量关系。为老采空区土地稳定性评估以及剩余沉降量的计算方法提供科学依据与借鉴。     

全国自动气象站实时观测资料三级质量控制系统研制

迄今,中国气象局已在全国建立了55000余个地面自动气象站（含国家级自动站和区域自动站）。为了促进众多台站观测资料质量提高,在实时业务中保障用户用到基本正确有效的数据,2009年底中国气象局启动了“全国自动站实时资料质量控制与综合评估系统建设”工程,旨在研制一套基本适用于全国自动站实时观测数据的质量控制技术方法,建立台站、省级、国家级资料部门的地面自动站实时资料三级质量控制与反馈业务系统。在探究自动站错误数据表现形式的基础上,研制了自动站实时观测数据质量控制技术;从业务分工与应用角度,设计建立了台站负责质量监控、省级负责质量控制和国家级主要负责质量评估的自动站实时资料三级质量控制系统。该系统已在2400多个国家级气象台站、31个省级和国家级资料部门安装部署与业务应用。通过系统建设与应用,实时上传的自动站数据质量得到明显改善。主汛期全国自动站逐小时气温、降水数据可用率分别从2009年的88%、83%提升到2012、2013年的98%左右。     

“I’m an imaginary figure”: Unravelling the mobility and marginalisation of Scottish Gypsy Travellers

Gypsy Travellers have a long history of marginalisation in Scotland, but their mobility remains an issue of particular contention. Drawing upon a series of interviews with Gypsy Travellers in the North-East of Scotland, this paper uncovers how power and politics permeate discourses on movement to legitimise the spatial ordering of this traditionally nomadic group. The paper begins by exploring the more hidden and subtle aspects of mobility, such as the emotional and imaginative ties to travel. It then shifts to document how Gypsy Travellers’ geographies have been compromised by discriminatory policies and practices, which demonstrate a misunderstanding of the heterogeneity of their mobility. Consequently, increasingly punitive policies have pushed many Gypsy Travellers to abandon their travelling ways to move into “fixed” housing, while others have been forced into states of perpetual motion. The overall goal of the paper is to unravel the discursive constructions of movement in the context of institutionalised power and to document the spatial ordering of Gypsy Travellers’ lives, whose marginality has been legitimised by laws, ideologically sustained and reproduced in policy documents.     

一种长英黝帘石玉的岩石矿物学研究

采用X射线粉晶衍射、电子探针、化学分析法和傅立叶变换红外光谱等方法,对近来在北京珠宝市场上出现的一种粉白相间的玉石新品种进行了测试,全面分析了这种玉石的结构和成分,并根据硅酸盐体系的物质平衡原理,利用相混合计算(PMC)方法,估算了玉石中主要矿物的含量。结果表明,这种玉石中黝帘石含量占51.9%,钠长石占33.3%,石英14.4%,并含有少量的褐帘石、单斜辉石等矿物。样品中粉红色矿物的红外光谱最强峰位于1110～900cm-1范围内,为快速、方便地鉴定此种玉石提供了参考依据。     

Minimum Bedrock Exposure Ages and Their Implications: Larsemann Hills and Neighboring Bolingen Islands, East Antarctica

<正>Considerable controversy exists over whether or not extensive glaciation occurred during the global Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) in the Larsemann Hills.In this study we use the in situ produced cosmogenic nuclide ~(10)Be(half life 1.51 Ma) to provide minimum exposure ages for six bedrock samples and one erratic boulder in order to determine the last period of deglaciation in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands.Three bedrock samples taken from Friendship Mountain(the highest peak on the Mirror Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) have minimum exposure ages ranging from 40.0 to 44.7 ka.The erratic boulder from Peak 106(just at the edge of the ice sheet) has a younger minimum exposure age of only 8.8 ka.The minimum exposure ages for two bedrock samples from Blundell Peak(the highest peak on Stornes Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) are about 17 and 18 ka.On the Bolingen Islands(southwest to the Larsemann Hills;～10 km from the ice sheet),the minimum exposure age for one bedrock sample is similar to that at Friendship Mountain(i.e.,44 ka).Our results indicate that the bedrock exposure in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands commenced obviously before the global LGM(i.e.,20-22 ka),and the bedrock erosion rates at the Antarctic coast areas may be obviously higher than in the interior land.     

TOPMODEL模型的空间尺度分析

以东江流域的岳城、胜前、东坑、蓝塘和九州五个子流域为例,应用前四个子流域分析DEM分辨率和流域大小对地形指数和TOPMODEL模型模拟结果的影响,探讨TOPMODEL模型对DEM分辨率的依赖性.结果表明:DEM分辨率对地形指数有着显著的影响,且径流模拟精度依赖于DEM空间分辨率,随着DEM空间分辨率的降低模拟得到的确定性系数逐渐减小.为了克服TOPMODEL模型难以考虑降雨空间分布不均对径流过程的影响,建立基于子流域的TOPMODEL模型,将基于子流域的TOPMODEL模型和整个流域的TOPMODEL模型应用九州子流域进行模拟比较,发现基于子流域的TOPMODEL模型能够得到精度更好的模拟效果,而且可以得到不同子流域对流域出口流量过程的贡献度,进而能够分析不同降雨情况下的流域出口洪水过程.     

徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩分布特征及火山喷发机制的新认识

基于深层钻井和连片处理三维地震资料,结合同位素测年,本文对松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷白垩系营城组火山岩的分布特征及其喷发机制进行了研究。本区火山岩分布广、厚度大、沿深大断裂串珠状分布;纵向上分为下部营一段和上部营三段两套;营一段分布于断陷中部及其以南地区,岩性以酸性为主;营三段分布于断陷中部及其以北地区,酸性和中、基性火山岩均有发育。本区断裂类型及其组合复杂,正、逆、走滑和花状断裂都有发育;两组断裂交汇部位是火山喷发的主要通道。深大断裂与火山岩时空展布关系显示,营一段火山岩主要受徐中断裂控制,由北向南依次喷发,岩性以酸性为主;营三段火山岩主要沿着徐东花状断裂带由南向北依次喷发,表现为基性与酸性交替的双峰式。营城组火山岩喷发类型有三种:裂隙式、中心式与复合式。徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩储集性能优良且毗邻烃源岩,与断裂、源岩及盖层有利匹配,可构成有利的生储盖组合,具有良好的天然气勘探前景。